导热硅橡胶复合材料研究

以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为基胶,两种不同粒径(3 μm,20 μm)的微米氧化铝为导热填料制备了填充型导热绝缘硅橡胶.研究了不同粒径氧化铝混合填充用量对硅橡胶导热性能、硫化行为、热膨胀系数、热稳定性影响.结果表明,随氧化铝用量增加体系热导率和热稳定性显著上升,线性膨胀系数降低,填料对硅橡胶硫化影响不大.使用电子级玻璃布为增强体制得了热导率达0.92 W·(m·K)-1、电绝缘和力学性能优良,适宜作为绝缘导热场合的热界面使用的导热硅橡胶复合材料.     

用于复合材料成型的硅橡胶气囊的使用寿命评估

为考察用于复合材料成型的硅橡胶气囊的使用寿命，模拟气囊的实际应用条件，利用热老化后的硅橡胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硅橡胶与试件的剥离强度相对比来评估。试验表明：1453D硅橡胶老化100次后拉伸强度和撕裂强度都远远大于其剥离强度，推测其力学性能能够满足使用100次的要求，因此可推荐用硅橡胶气囊代替金属芯模用于复合材料成型工艺中。     

空间环境下的有机热控涂层

本文综述了国外在空间有机热控涂层领域中的研究工作和试验，着重分析了空间极端环境中紫外光辐照和原子氧侵蚀这两大因素对有机热控涂层的影响。     

液体天然橡胶对湿法混炼制备天然橡胶/白炭黑复合材料性能的影响

采用湿法混炼工艺制备天然橡胶/白炭黑(W(NR/SiO_2))复合材料,并采用液体天然橡胶(LNR)为增容剂,探讨了LNR对复合材料硫化特性、橡胶加工性能、白炭黑分散性、静态力学性能及动态性能的影响。结果表明:LNR具有较好的增容效果;使用LNR增容后,胶料的正硫化时间缩短,在白炭黑为70 phr时T_(90)缩短4.16 min,加工性能改善;白炭黑在NR中的分散性提高;胶料力学性能得到改善,在白炭黑为60 phr时最明显,拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别提高25.73%和66.59%;LNR增容后胶料的抗湿滑性提高且滚动阻力降低。复合材料良好的相容性是LNR与NR和白炭黑两相同时发生作用形成增容界面的结果。     

硅橡胶/双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料的制备与烧蚀结构的研究

苯并噁嗪树脂具有优异的成炭和抗高温氧化性能,是新一代的耐烧蚀树脂。以双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪树脂为耐烧蚀树脂,采用1H-NMR、DSC和转矩流变仪研究其成环率和加工性能;以硅橡胶为耐烧蚀基体,采用熔融共混方法制备了硅橡胶苯并噁嗪树脂耐烧蚀复合材料。进行力学和氧乙炔焰烧蚀检测,利用FT-IR、Raman和SEM研究复合材料综合性能和烧蚀结构。结果表明:苯并噁嗪树脂能够明显提高硅橡胶复合材料的耐烧蚀性能,当树脂添加量为20份时,复合材料具有较好的耐烧蚀和力学性能;该复合材料经过氧乙炔焰烧蚀后,烧蚀层形成表面陶瓷层、裂解炭化层和基体层。表面陶瓷层主要由SiO_2,SiC和C组成,裂解炭化层的主要组由C,SiO_2,SiC以及炭化彻底的碳和炭化不完全的有机结构组成。     

Is the phenology-based algorithm for mapping deciduous rubber plantations applicable in an emerging region of northern Laos?

Updated information of rubber plantations is essential for assessing socioeconomic and environmental impacts, especially in the emerging region of northern tropics. Here, a phenological method was modified to detect rubber plantations using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery in Phongsaly Province of northern Laos, where it begun a rubber boom in the mid-2000s due to geo-economic cooperation. It highlighted the landscape and pixel differences of deciduous rubber plantations in the tri-temporal phases (i.e., pre-defoliation, defoliation, and foliation) during the dry season due to phenological changes. Six commonly used vegetation indices (VIs), including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Land Surface Water Index (LSWI), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR and NBR2) derived from OLI imagery during 2013–2016 were compared to determine the most suitable VI for discriminating the phenological differences of rubber plantations from natural forests. Then, the Differences of Normalized Burn Ratio (DNBR) was applied to generate the 30 m map of rubber plantations in 2016, by combining two masks of Landsat-derived forest and suitable elevation for rubber trees cultivation. The resultant map of rubber plantations had a classification accuracy of 93.7% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.848. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of the Landsat-derived tri-temporal phenological DNBR approach in an emerging region of northern Laos, despite requiring more scenes compared with single- and double temporal window methods.     

硫化压力对橡胶／金属热硫化粘接剥离强度的影响

研究 NR1155天然橡胶在不同硫化压力下热硫化后的物理力学性能。基于90°粘合剥离强度测试方法分别测量了不同硫化压力下制备的橡胶／金属复合结构试样的粘合剥离强度,并采用低场 NMR 橡胶交联密度测定仪分析试样中橡胶部分的交联密度,同时采用冷场发射电子扫描显微镜（SEM）研究剥离破坏表面。结果表明：NR1155天然橡胶胶料与 Chemlok205／Chemlok220热硫化胶粘体系具有很好的相容性和协同硫化作用。随着硫化压力的提高,橡胶／金属的粘合剥离强度呈现先降低后增加的规律,且最大剥离力呈现对硫化压力的函数依赖关系,而硫化胶的交联密度则呈现相反的趋势。     

金属丝网橡胶的本构关系

通过对圆环形金属丝网橡胶成型制造过程的分析,在圆环嵌套模型基础上,结合干摩擦非线性理论和小曲梁模型建立了金属丝网橡胶材料的非线性本构关系,对不同相对密度的金属丝网橡胶试件进行了静态压缩实验,通过实验数据确定了本构关系方程的各项系数并实验结果进行比较.研究结果表明:建立的本构关系模型可以很好地描述金属丝网橡胶的非线性力学特性,实验结果能够较好地符合理论结果,并且该模型反映了相对密度、网格大小和网格宽度等参数的影响,从而实现了对材料结构刚度的预估.      

Analyses toward factors influencing sealing clearance of a metal rubber seal and derivation of a calculation formula

Sealing clearance is a key factor for a metal rubber seal’s sealability. The expansion coef-ficient and expansion deformation in the radial direction of metal rubber have been obtained through a thermal expansion experiment of metal rubber. The influence of the elastic modulus to the sealing clearance has been analyzed theoretically. By combining the temperature and elasticity factors of metal rubber with the elastic mechanics theory, the calculation formula of the sealing clearance has been derived, and the values of the sealing clearance and the leakage rate in certain working conditions have been calculated. Experimental results are consistent with calculation results in a high degree. The calculation formula of the sealing clearance can explain the influences of the temperature and elastic modulus factors of metal rubber on the sealing clearance. It can pro-vide guidance for the study of sealing mechanism of metal rubber seals.     

苯基硅中间体对阻尼硅橡胶性能的影响

为了提高硅橡胶高温下的阻尼性能,将高苯基含量的苯基硅中间体添加到硅橡胶中,并使用硫化剂2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰(DCLBP)与硅橡胶共硫化。通过无转子硫化仪、SEM、DMA、TG对改性硅橡胶性能进行表征。结果表明:随苯基硅中间体用量的增加,硅橡胶的硫化程度降低,硬度和拉伸强度下降,而拉断伸长率、撕裂强度和高温下的损耗因子tanδ明显提高。当添加量为15份时,硅橡胶拉伸强度为7. 75 MPa,最大损耗因子tanδmax从0. 2提高到0. 3。